Because the joystick is moved, the potentiometers’ resistance changes, leading to different voltage concentrations which might be examine by a microcontroller or other processing unit. When you configure an 8-way map, the diagonals are accessible. Also, if you have a keyboard encoder connected to the output port in the UltraStik, https://analog-joystick43062.blogsidea.com/44776808/joystick-controller-secrets